Hidrodehalogenación catalítica de diclofenaco en fase acuosa empleando nanopartículas catalíticas de Fe, Ni y Pd
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65093/aci.v17.n1.2026.48Palabras clave:
aguas de consumo, contaminantes emergentes, diclofenaco, hidrodehalogenaciónResumen
Se sintetizaron nanopartículas basadas en Fe, Ni y Pd (Fe_100, Ni_100, Pd_100, PdFe_5050 y PdNi_5050) mediante reducción química con NaBH4 y se evaluó su actividad catalítica en la hidrodehalogenación (HDH) de diclofenaco en fase acuosa en reacciones en discontinuo. Los resultados mostraron un rendimiento superior de los sistemas basados en Pd. Las nanopartículas monometálicas Ni_100 y Fe_100 mostraron baja actividad catalítica en HDH. En el caso de Fe_100, la degradación siguió una ruta oxidativa dependiente del oxígeno disuelto, además de una lixiviación significativa del metal debido a la oxidación del Fe0. Por otro lado, aunque PdFe_5050 demostró ser activo, la elevada lixiviación del Fe limitó su viabilidad. En contraste, las nanopartículas Pd_100 y PdNi_5050 lograron la eliminación completa del diclofenaco (DFC) en 60 min, suprimiendo la acumulación de intermedios clorados. La elevada eficacia de PdNi_5050 se justificó debido al enriquecimiento superficial de Pd en el sistema bimetálico. Esta sinergia permitió igualar la actividad del Pd_100, a pesar del menor contenido en metal precioso. Finalmente, PdNi_5050 demostró ser una alternativa prometedora al mantener una elevada actividad catalítica y estabilidad tras 10 ciclos de uso continuado. Esto, junto con una reducción significativa de los costes asociados al sólido, lo posiciona como una alternativa prometedora para su uso en procesos de HDH.
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